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Petersburg, by Andrei Belyi
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- Sales Rank: #16434187 in Books
- Published on: 1981
- Binding: Hardcover
- 696 pages
Most helpful customer reviews
14 of 15 people found the following review helpful.
A Symbolist Masterpiece
By Richard A. Blumenthal
Petersburg was originally published between 1913 and 1914 in installments by Sirin in its literary miscellany of the same name, and then in book form in 1916. Obviously dissatisfied with the first edition, Bely began revising it almost immediately, but during the revolutionary and civil war period, he could find no one interested in publishing a revised second edition. Bely emigrated to Berlin temporarily, where he found a publisher, and made massive cuts to the novel. The revised novel was published in 1922 (the authoritative text for this translation), and was reprinted in the Soviet Union in 1928 with minor changes made by Bely and extensive modifications made by the Soviet censors. The 1928 edition was reprinted in 1935, but with the growing demand that literature conform to the standards of Socialist Realism, Petersburg was virtually ignored until, with the gradual easing of restrictions after Stalin's death, it regained a certain respectability.
The novel takes place over a short period of time in the autumn of 1905. Although Russian cultural activity was gaining more and more prominence on an international scale, political and social unrest were on the rise domestically. Demand for reform was rampant, and even outright revolution was being advocated in some circles. Commencing in January 1905, a series of strikes, assassinations, and uprisings had occurred. The widespread feeling among the populace that the old values were inadequate for a burgeoning modernity, and that Russia was teetering on the edge of an abyss, becomes apparent early in the novel in this beautifully poetic passage:
From the fecund time when the metallic Horseman had galloped hither, when he had flung his steed upon the Finnish granite, Russia was divided in two. Divided in two as well were the destinies of the fatherland. Suffering and weeping, Russia was divided in two, until the final hour.
Russia, you are like a steed! Your two front hooves have leaped far off into the darkness, into the void, while your two rear hooves are firmly implanted in the granite soil. (64)
As Maguire and Malmstad note, this prophetic meditation on Russia's destiny is similar to several lines in Pushkin's poem, The Bronze Horseman. Both Bely and Pushkin raise the issue stemming from Peter the Great's Westernizing innovations: had Peter's western influences detached Russia from her native traditions and divided her in two, the peasants on the one hand and the Westernized elite on the other, setting her on an unknown course that would eventually lead to destruction?
The plot is rather simple, a political thriller paced by a ticking time bomb that Nikolai Apollonovich Ableukhov, a university student who has become entangled in a revolutionary terrorist organization, agrees to plant in his father's house, the senator, Apollon Apollonovich Ableukhov. Underlying the apparent simplicity, however, is a very complex text with intricately woven plots and subplots on many levels. Petersburg is suspenseful, socially relevant, political, psychological, philosophical, and historical, and loose ends come together in the myriad of characters who populate the novel, ranging from the powerful and privileged to the poor and discontented, through whom Bely paints a vivid picture of Petersburg society. There are double agents, terrorists, journalists, secret police, government officials, and society people. Peter the Great is himself evoked through the images of the Bronze Horseman and the Flying Dutchman. Many characters confront a personal crisis: the family crisis triggered by his wife's flight to Spain with her Italian lover in the case of the senator; the love crisis of his son, Nikolai Apollonovich, as a result of his broken relationship with Sofia Petrovna; and the consciousness crises experienced by both Nikolai, who has rejected Kant, and Dudkin, who has become disillusioned with Nietzsche, each searching for a new meaning in life. These personal crises are intensified by, and representative of, the real social, political and governmental crises within Russia herself.
As a paradigm of Russian Symbolism, with no omniscient narrator, Bely demands that his readers be attentive, astute, and perceptive. Using synecdoche as a mode of expression, Bely often will not provide an image as a whole-we see a piece of attire, a prominent feature, a segment:
Rolling toward them down the street were many-thousand swarms of bowlers. Rolling toward them were top hats, and the froth of ostrich feathers.
Noses sprang out from everywhere. (178)
Earlier in the novel, Bely depicts another crowd scene:
Contemplating the flowing silhouettes, Apollon Apollonovich likened them to shining dots. One of these dots broke loose from its orbit and hurtled at him with dizzying speed, taking the form of an immense crimson sphere-
-among the bowlers on the corner, he caught sight of a pair of eyes. And the eyes expressed the inadmissible. They recognized the senator, and, having recognized him, they grew rabid, dilated, lit up, and flashed. (14)
The present is chaos, precariously moving on an apocalyptic path. Apollon Apollonovich recognizes the chaos and sees the crowd in fragments because of his sense of isolation and vulnerability in a Russia at the brink of radical change. The dots and spheres also form a leitmotif through which the apocalyptic themes of the novel are presented. The sphere is crimson, a color associated with revolution and danger. An ominous feeling, together with a sense of apprehension and disorientation, permeates the novel. The sense of insecurity we experience as we read through the novel parallels the sense of insecurity the inhabitants of 1905 Petersburg must have endured.
8 of 10 people found the following review helpful.
Wonderful. The best novel I have read. Period.
By A Customer
A strangly comical story about the chaos and absurdity of Russian life and politics circa 1905. It tells the story of a Russian family at odds with itself. The main characters are an aristocratic father, his politically rebellious son, the estranged wife, a back-stabbing political party, the "Red Domino", and a ticking bomb....!!! Warning: The prose is somewhat a slow read as it takes time to get used to the Symbolists style of writing. If you can get through the first 30 pages you won't regret it. This book has not been called the best Novel of the 20th century for nothing !!!
47 of 51 people found the following review helpful.
One of the greatest masterpieces of 20th-century prose
By A Customer
According to Vladimir Nabokov, this work rates with Joyce's Ulysses and Kafka's Transformations. I'll take this one over its competition. One of the most well-read works of Russia's Silver Age, I recommend it not only as literature but also as cultural history. PLEASE, find an edition of the Maguire and Malmstad translation, it's much more lucid. Bely is difficult enough even if you read Russian; you need all the help in translation you can get. The notes are copious but, if read attentively, help place the book in the cultural context in which it was written.
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